Chú thích Martin

x t s Người đoạt giải Nobel Sinh lý học và Y khoa
1901 – 1925	Behring (1901) Ross (1902) Finsen (1903) Pavlov (1904) Koch (1905) Golgi / Ramón y Cajal (1906) Laveran (1907) Mechnikov / Ehrlich (1908) Kocher (1909) Kossel (1910) Gullstrand (1911) Carrel (1912) Bárány (1913) Bordet (1919) Krogh (1920) Hill / Meyerhof (1922) Banting / Macleod (1923) Einthoven (1924)
1926 – 1950	Fibiger (1926) Wagner-Jauregg (1927) Nicolle (1928) Eijkman / Hopkins (1929) Landsteiner (1930) Warburg (1931) Sherrington / Adrian (1932) Morgan (1933) Whipple / Minot / Murphy (1934) Spemann (1935) Dale / Loewi (1936) Szent-Györgyi (1937) Heymans (1938) Domagk (1939) Dam / Doisy (1943) Erlanger / Gasser (1944) Fleming / Chain / Florey (1945) Muller (1946) C.Cori / G.Cori / Houssay (1947) Müller (1948) Hess / Moniz (1949) Kendall / Reichstein / Hench (1950)
1951 – 1975	Theiler (1951) Waksman (1952) Krebs / Lipmann (1953) Enders / Weller / Robbins (1954) Theorell (1955) Cournand / Forssmann / Richards (1956) Bovet (1957) Beadle / Tatum / Lederberg (1958) Ochoa / Kornberg (1959) Burnet / Medawar (1960) Békésy (1961) Crick / Watson / Wilkins (1962) Eccles / Hodgkin / Huxley (1963) Bloch / Lynen (1964) Jacob / Lwoff / Monod (1965) Rous / Huggins (1966) Granit / Hartline / Wald (1967) Holley / Khorana / Nirenberg (1968) Delbrück / Hershey / Luria (1969) Katz / Euler / Axelrod (1970) Sutherland (1971) Edelman / Porter (1972) Frisch / Lorenz / Tinbergen (1973) Claude / Duve / Palade (1974) Baltimore / Dulbecco / Temin (1975)
1976 – 2000	Blumberg / Gajdusek (1976) Guillemin / Schally / Yalow (1977) Arber / Nathans / Smith (1978) Cormack / Hounsfield (1979) Benacerraf / Dausset / Snell (1980) Sperry / Hubel / Wiesel (1981) Bergström / Samuelsson / Vane (1982) McClintock (1983) Jerne / Köhler / Milstein (1984) Brown / Goldstein (1985) Cohen / Levi-Montalcini (1986) Tonegawa (1987) Black / Elion / Hitchings (1988) Bishop / Varmus (1989) Murray / Thomas (1990) Neher / Sakmann (1991) Fischer / Krebs (1992) Roberts / Sharp (1993) Gilman / Rodbell (1994) Lewis / Nüsslein-Volhard / Wieschaus (1995) Doherty / Zinkernagel (1996) Prusiner (1997) Furchgott / Ignarro / Murad (1998) Blobel (1999) Carlsson / Greengard / Kandel (2000)
2001 – nay	Hartwell / Hunt / Nurse (2001) Brenner / Horvitz / Sulston (2002) Lauterbur / Mansfield (2003) Axel / Buck (2004) Marshall / Warren (2005) Fire / Mello (2006) Capecchi / Evans / Smithies (2007) Barré-Sinoussi / Montagnier / zur Hausen (2008) Blackburn / Greider / Szostak (2009) Robert Edwards (2010) Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (qua đời trước đó) (2011) John Gurdon / Yamanaka (2012) James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas Südhof (2013) John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser (2014) William C. Campbell / Ōmura / Đồ U U (2015) Ōsumi (2016) Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young (2017) James P. Allison/ Tasuku Honjo (2018) Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr. / Gregg L. Semenza (2019) Harvey J. Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice (2020)

Người đoạt giải Nobel Sinh lý học và Y khoa

1901 – 1925

Behring (1901)
Ross (1902)
Finsen (1903)
Pavlov (1904)
Koch (1905)
Golgi / Ramón y Cajal (1906)
Laveran (1907)
Mechnikov / Ehrlich (1908)
Kocher (1909)
Kossel (1910)
Gullstrand (1911)
Carrel (1912)
Bárány (1913)
Bordet (1919)
Krogh (1920)
Hill / Meyerhof (1922)
Banting / Macleod (1923)
Einthoven (1924)

1926 – 1950

Fibiger (1926)
Wagner-Jauregg (1927)
Nicolle (1928)
Eijkman / Hopkins (1929)
Landsteiner (1930)
Warburg (1931)
Sherrington / Adrian (1932)
Morgan (1933)
Whipple / Minot / Murphy (1934)
Spemann (1935)
Dale / Loewi (1936)
Szent-Györgyi (1937)
Heymans (1938)
Domagk (1939)
Dam / Doisy (1943)
Erlanger / Gasser (1944)
Fleming / Chain / Florey (1945)
Muller (1946)
C.Cori / G.Cori / Houssay (1947)
Müller (1948)
Hess / Moniz (1949)
Kendall / Reichstein / Hench (1950)

1951 – 1975

Theiler (1951)
Waksman (1952)
Krebs / Lipmann (1953)
Enders / Weller / Robbins (1954)
Theorell (1955)
Cournand / Forssmann / Richards (1956)
Bovet (1957)
Beadle / Tatum / Lederberg (1958)
Ochoa / Kornberg (1959)
Burnet / Medawar (1960)
Békésy (1961)
Crick / Watson / Wilkins (1962)
Eccles / Hodgkin / Huxley (1963)
Bloch / Lynen (1964)
Jacob / Lwoff / Monod (1965)
Rous / Huggins (1966)
Granit / Hartline / Wald (1967)
Holley / Khorana / Nirenberg (1968)
Delbrück / Hershey / Luria (1969)
Katz / Euler / Axelrod (1970)
Sutherland (1971)
Edelman / Porter (1972)
Frisch / Lorenz / Tinbergen (1973)
Claude / Duve / Palade (1974)
Baltimore / Dulbecco / Temin (1975)

1976 – 2000

Blumberg / Gajdusek (1976)
Guillemin / Schally / Yalow (1977)
Arber / Nathans / Smith (1978)
Cormack / Hounsfield (1979)
Benacerraf / Dausset / Snell (1980)
Sperry / Hubel / Wiesel (1981)
Bergström / Samuelsson / Vane (1982)
McClintock (1983)
Jerne / Köhler / Milstein (1984)
Brown / Goldstein (1985)
Cohen / Levi-Montalcini (1986)
Tonegawa (1987)
Black / Elion / Hitchings (1988)
Bishop / Varmus (1989)
Murray / Thomas (1990)
Neher / Sakmann (1991)
Fischer / Krebs (1992)
Roberts / Sharp (1993)
Gilman / Rodbell (1994)
Lewis / Nüsslein-Volhard / Wieschaus (1995)
Doherty / Zinkernagel (1996)
Prusiner (1997)
Furchgott / Ignarro / Murad (1998)
Blobel (1999)
Carlsson / Greengard / Kandel (2000)

2001 – nay

Hartwell / Hunt / Nurse (2001)
Brenner / Horvitz / Sulston (2002)
Lauterbur / Mansfield (2003)
Axel / Buck (2004)
Marshall / Warren (2005)
Fire / Mello (2006)
Capecchi / Evans / Smithies (2007)
Barré-Sinoussi / Montagnier / zur Hausen (2008)
Blackburn / Greider / Szostak (2009)
Robert Edwards (2010)
Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman (qua đời trước đó) (2011)
John Gurdon / Yamanaka (2012)
James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas Südhof (2013)
John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser (2014)
William C. Campbell / Ōmura / Đồ U U (2015)
Ōsumi (2016)
Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young (2017)
James P. Allison/ Tasuku Honjo (2018)
Peter J. Ratcliffe / William Kaelin Jr. / Gregg L. Semenza (2019)
Harvey J. Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice (2020)

x t s Danh sách người nhận Huy chương Copley 2001–2050
Jacques Miller (2001) John Pople (2002) John Gurdon (2003) Harry Kroto (2004) Paul Nurse (2005) Stephen Hawking (2006) Robert May (2007) Roger Penrose (2008) Martin Evans (2009) David Cox / Tomas Lindahl (2010) Dan McKenzie (2011) John E. Walker (2012) Andre Geim (2013) Alec Jeffreys (2014) Peter Higgs (2015) Richard Henderson (2016) Andrew Wiles (2017)

Danh sách người nhận Huy chương Copley 2001–2050

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